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PANCOTE REPRESENTAÇÕES
CALCÁRIO AGRÍCOLA: ANÁLISE, USO E MITOS
Um dos principais insumos utilizados em solos tropicais e ácidos como o nosso é o Calcário. Ele também se destaca por ser um insumo de baixo custo (normalmente o que custa caro na operação é o transporte!).
O QUE CAUSA A ACIDEZ DO SOLO?
No solo, acidez é um indicador de carência de nutrientes. As causas mais comuns da acidez, portanto, são a exportação de nutrientes pelas raízes das plantas, a lixiviação de nutrientes pelas chuvas ou irrigação, a erosão do solo e ainda a utilização de fertilizantes acidificantes.
CONSEQUÊNCIAS DA ACIDEZ NO SOLO
A acidez do solo, além da carência de nutrientes, principalmente Ca, Mg e K, provoca o aparecimento de espécies tóxicas de alumínio, além de reduzir a eficiência da absorção de água e das adubações nitrogenada e fosfatada, aumentando custos com insumos e limitando a produtividade.
COMO CORRIGIR A ACIDEZ DO SOLO?
A correção da acidez se dá pela aplicação de Corretivos de Acidez como, por exemplo, o Calcário Mineral ou Calcário Agrícola, que é composto por carbonatos de cálcio e magnésio. Existem, ainda, as Cais Virgem e Hidratada, compostas por óxidos de cálcio e magnésio, mais solúveis que os carbonatos. Pode-se, também, lançar mão de fontes alternativas, como a lama de cal (resíduo da fabricação de celulose) ou as escórias de siderurgia, que contêm silicatos de cálcio e magnésio. Ressalta-se que o Gesso Agrícola não é corretivo de acidez, pois sua utilização não altera o pH do solo.
COMO ESCOLHER O CALCÁRIO?
Existem vários tipos diferentes de calcário. Como ele é um mineral extraído de rochas, é importante analisar a sua composição, que varia conforme a região ou a característica da mina de onde é extraído. Na hora de escolher e adquirir o calcário é preciso avaliar as garantias mínimas oferecidas pela empresa fornecedora, que se resumem em porcentagem de cálcio e magnésio (expressos em CaO e MgO), Poder de Neutralização (PN), granulometria e Poder Relativo de Neutralização Total (PRNT). No entanto, é importante destacar que essas garantias são mínimas e não se referem exatamente à carga que foi entregue em sua propriedade, mas sim uma média geral da área que está sendo minerada.
POR QUE TENHO QUE FAZER ANÁLISE DO CALCÁRIO?
Justamente pelo fato de não ser um produto industrializado, a composição do calcário agrícola pode variar de carga para carga, já que na natureza sua composição também não é homogênea. Para obter um melhor aproveitamento e fazer a aplicação de cálcio e magnésio conforme a recomendação, sem riscos de aplicar subdoses ou superdoses, o método mais eficiente e barato é encaminhar amostras do produto a um laboratório e realizar a Análise de Corretivo de Acidez.
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